![]() If you are receiving a call from someone not in your address book, Signal will relay that call through the Signal service,” Marlinspike wrote. “By default, Signal will only attempt to establish a P2P connection if you are initiating the call or if you are receiving a call from someone in your contacts. If not, Signal would still be relaying calls through its servers, which results in masking the caller’s IP addresses. In a blog post about the launch of video calls on Signal from 2017, Signal’s founder Moxie Marlinspike wrote that from then on, Signal would establish a peer-to-peer connection in calls between contacts. Telegram users can prevent leaking their IP address by disabling peer-to-peer calls completely by going to Telegram’s Settings > Privacy and Security > Calls, and then select “Never” in the Peer-to-Peer menu. (Note: all instructions below are for the iOS apps.) Below, we go through some of the most popular chat and calling apps in the world and break down how they work and under what circumstances they can reveal IP addresses between callers. Other apps work in a similar way, and can also leak IP addresses. Unlike on other messengers, calls from those who are not your contact list will be routed through Telegram’s servers to obscure that,” Vaughn told TechCrunch. “The downside of this is that it necessitates that both sides know the IP address of the other (since it is a direct connection). ![]() Telegram reveals users’ IP addresses in that circumstance because calls between contacts default to being peer-to-peer with the goal of having better “quality and reduced latency,” according to Telegram spokesperson Remi Vaughn. Security researcher Denis Simonov, also known as n0a, made a relatively easy-to-use tool that is designed to capture the IP address of the other person during a call, as long as the two callers are in each other’s contacts. In October, we reported that Telegram leaks users’ IP addresses during calls made between contacts. And that can be potentially accessed by law enforcement.” Telegram Or the proxy servers for the encrypted messaging app can have a list of everybody who’s calling everybody. People calling each other can either reveal their IP address to each other. “I don’t think there’s any great way to do this that perfectly protects everybody’s privacy all the time. “It’s a tough call about what would be the better way to do it,” said Quintin, who has studied the security and privacy of several messaging apps. IP addresses can also be linked to a person’s internet activity, which can subject users to surveillance.Įxperts agree that there isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution, and that this is a complicated problem. IP addresses don’t reveal your precise location, but can still present a risk to users who have their IP address exposed, especially for victims of abuse, according to Runa Sandvik, a digital security expert and founder of Granitt, a startup that helps defend at-risk users. But Privacy > Settings > Advanced? I’d bet we’re up to 99.8% now,” Green wrote, referring to the option to turn off peer-to-peer calls completely off on Signal. When they put it under the ‘Privacy’ settings menu, I raise my expectation to 99%. “Anytime someone sets a feature as a non-default, I assume 95% of users never touch it. Green also added that it’s likely many users are also not aware. Matthew Green, a cryptography teacher at Johns Hopkins University, said on X (formerly Twitter) that he did not realize Signal revealed IP addresses in calls between contacts. “Even for users with more extreme threat models, I think that most of them aren’t aware of the fact that calls can leak their IP address to the person that they’re calling,” Cooper Quintin, a security researcher at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, told TechCrunch. But, according to experts, it’s not clear that users are aware of this potential privacy issue, or are aware of how calls over popular messaging apps like Telegram, Signal, WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, Apple’s FaceTime, Viber, Snapchat and Threema work. And that, essentially, is because most chat apps default to using peer-to-peer connections - meaning you and the person you’re talking to connect directly to each other - to improve the quality of the calls. Your favorite messaging and calling app could reveal your IP address to the person on the other end of a call.
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